Method of igniting and regulating combustion for internal-combustion engines.



No. 673,I60

. R. DIESEL.

METHOD 0F IGNITING AND REGULATING COMBUSTION FR INTERNAL f (Applicatioq led Apr. 6, 189B.) I (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

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' ATTORNEY WITNESSES:

Patented Apr. 30, 190|.

No. 673,!60. v

. n. DIESEL. i METHOD OF'IGNITING AND REGULATING-GOMBUSTION FUR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

(Application led Apr. 6, 1898.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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RUDOLF DIESEL,

or MUNICH, GERMANY, "AssIeNoR To DIESE PANY oEAMERIcA, or NEW Yoan, N.- Y. J-

METHOD 0F IGNITING AND REGULATING COMBUSTION FON INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

srEcIFIcA'rroN forming part ef Lettere retenu Ne. 678,166, dated April so, 1901. nppnesnon am Apu Issa. semi Nb. 6516.621. me' specimens.)

To all whom it may concern.:

Beit known that I, RUDOLF DIESEL, resid- German Empire, have invented a certain new and useful Method of Igniting and Regulating Combustion for Internal-Combustion Engines, tion, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings for a full disclosure.

All internal-combustion engines which compress a combustible mixture and ignite the-1 same at or near the end of the compressionmauner whatsoever allow the combustion which results from I Y stroke of the piston in any such ignition to take its own course-41. e.,

itself. This neglect leads to important diffi-v culties and irregularities. The governing of such machines is difficult and unsatisfactory. When such governing is attempted by changing the composition or proportion of the mix` ture while retaining the same apparatus for Igniting, mixtures which contain much l'combustible matter, as required when Working at.' full load, often ignite too suddenly and vi o' lently, while, on the other hand, the action of mixtures for light loads containing less combustible matter is .apt to slow and retarded ignition, becausel the velocity of propagation of such ignition varies with the proportion of the mixture in very wide limits. Every mixture therefore of a Icombustible with air or with oxygen follows its own course, dierent from that of other mixtures, as recorded by indicator-diagrams. The ignitingpoint of a combustible is that temperature up to which the mixture under' the given pressure must be heated before the The igniting-point combustible will ignite.l of any given combustible for a givenpressure A and a given proportion of the mixture of such combustible withair has a constant value, dependingon the physical properties of the combustible. '0n the o her hand, different combustibles have dierent igniting-points under the same condition of mixture and pressure. `This variation can be further increased 'by variation in the pressure or in the propere.

tions of the mixture to which the various combustibles are subjected before-or during"ig at Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria,`

of which the following is la specificaregulate or control the ensuing' combustion by any action of the machine.

igniting-point, but "point of a second be characterized bydicato'r-cards which nition. If, therefore, in internal-combustion engi'nes regulation or governing is attempted by changing the quantity of the working mixture while keeping its proportions practically constant, the velocity with which ignition is propagated through-the mixture will also vary,

because the amount` of compression and the` resulting temperature-must--vary with this quantity. Therefore each change in the load will change the course of the combustion but the course of the combustion afterignition vitally influences the of the whole process.

efficiency or economyT When the most economical course of combustionhas once been determined, it is of the greatest importance to retain such control of the combustion ,as to make it follow such course.

It follows from the foregoing that if a given mixture is compressed to a degree below its higher than the ignitin'g'- or auxiliary combustible, then injecting this latter into the iirstcompressed mixture will induce immediate ignition of the secondary fuel and gradual combustion of theffirst mixture, the combustion after ignition depending on the igniting or secondary combustible.

-The nature of my invention will best be uuderstood when described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in whichthe injection of Figure 1 represents certain diagrams or inindicate to those skilled in the art the method of action of the comb'ustible'in the working cylinder. of an internal-combustipn engine. Fig. 2 represents the essential working parts of one form -of apparatus for carrying out my invention, the valve-operating parts being lremoved for greater clearness'. Fig. 3 represents a modification of the upper part of the working cylinder of such internal-combustion engine. Fig. 4 represents another modification of the same. Fig. 5 is a view, partly in section,`of

zthe injection-valve D and its operating mechanism, the section beingV taken on the linem a:

of Fig. 2 lookingfrom the right. -For greater clearness they operating mechanism of the valve Aimmediatelybehnd has been omitted' Fig. 6 is a view of the operating mech. anism ofthe valve E looking fromtherig'ht-- hand side, Fig. 1.

For greater clearness -the connection of the cam H to the governor and the operating mechanisms for the valves D and A immediately behind have been omitted. Fig. 7; is a detail of the means for conof the drawings. IO

. is shown at"Fig.-2, in which C nition and a slow gradual trolling theposition of the cam H by the gov- .den injection will induce. an instantaneous combustion on the line b c4 and between both extremes vvarious curves according to bes be2, &c., may be obtained.

One apparatus for carryingout this method inder of an internal-combustion engine; P, its piston; E, its inlet-valve for mixed air and combustible; A, its discharge-valve for Vexhaustfgases, and D- its injection nozzle orvalve for the l igniting or secondary combustible, which is taken from the reservoirL. This reservoir is supplied at m by a pressure-pu mp. (Not shown.) The igniting or secondar /combustible may be gaseous, vaporous, liquid, or pulverulent, vor a mixture of these, and may also be mixed with air. -When liquids are used, they'may be pumped direct intoI the twyer or nozzle of the injection-valve D, or

they may be mixed from a feed apparatus T with ajet of gas or air flowing from the reservoir L at the point S. This latter method may-also be used when pulverulent combustibles are used. In both these latter casesthe vessel 1L may contain pure air, which then serves simply as a carrier for the combusti-V bles mixed with it. The time and duration of the opening of the needlevalve D-vL e., the -A period of admission of the igniting or secondary combustible-are regulated by the usual well-known means. This,.together with the excess of nozzle D) by which the injection of the igniting combustible into the compression-space of the cylinder is eiected, determines vthe course ofcombustion. (See diagram Fig. l.) The combustible in the working cyli'ndermay have any desired proportion of air mixed with it. The temperature of the working mixture in the cylinder mayalso be influencedby mixvingwith it a portion of the spent gases remaining from the previous piston-stroke, and

the secbndary com bustible may be used at any suitable temperature.

Any well-known device may be used for determining andnregulating the amount of openirig'and the periodsof opening' the igniter in- .jection-valve D, anchas cams, wedges, or trip.-

ping arrangements as used in steam-engines shows the cyl-V pressure in the vessel L `(or in the for lgoverning theadmission of steam.- Fig. 5 shows a wedge regulator operated from the governor forvaryi ng the admission of the secondarycombustible. Fig. showsa cam mechanism for varying the admission of the primary combustible. Upon suitable standards the cam-shaft U is carried and bears'opposite the valve D the iixed cam K. This operates on one arm of the bell-cranklever N, suitably supported, the other arm of which has yielding connection with the stem of the valve D. Above the endof said stem is a wedge yW, so mounted as to be interposedin and to limit to a greater or lesserextent the'path of movement of the stem. Its position is determined by the governor G, to which it is connected bythe bell-crank lever V, suitably supported on the standard Y. The speed of the governor therefore determines the amount of opening of the valve D. The valve E for admitting primary combustible is operated from the cam H on the shaft U through the suitably-supported bell-crank O. The ca'm H is splined on the shaft U at .Z and is thereby compelled-to rotate with it, but can be shifted axially thereon to cause different portions of the obliquely-placed cam projection to engage with 'the lever O at dierent times, and thereby to v ary the period of admission of the primary combustible. The position of cam H is determined by governor G', operating through the suitably-mounted'bell-crank X, which engages in a concentric groove at one end of the cam, as shown in Fig. 7. Any change in speed of the governor causes a `corresponding change in the position of cam H, and consequently in the period of admission of-valve E.

The mechanism to operate valve A may be supplied with either or both of the above regulating devices. I do not limitmyself to the vuse of the above mechanisms as described, but I mayus'e them interchangeably or in conjunction on any of my valves or any other suitable mechanisms. The excess of pressure with which the secondary combustible is injected into the compression-space may be va-ried by the size and speed of the pumps producing this excess of pressure and be regulated by-a pressure-regulating valve or any A other well-known means. A

In Figs. 3 and 4 air or gas may be injected through the needle-valve D' and a liquid combustible through the needle-valve D. In this case the mixtureof the two takes place during their injection into the compression-space of the working cylinderu" What I claim as new .isv 1.- The method of regulating combustion in internal-combustion. engines which consists l inl producing a `mixture of air or oxygen and a combustible, compressingthe mixtureto a temperature lowerthan the igniti'ng-point of the combustible, and introducing under excess of-'pressure into the mixture asecondary l combustible, the igniting-point of which isl equal to or below the temperature due to the compression, substantially as described.

2. The method of regulating combustion in internal-combustion engines, which consists lower than the igniting-point of the combustible, and introducing under'excess of pressure 4into the mixture a secondary combustible, the igniting-point of which is equal to or below the temperature due to the compression, substantially/vas described.

- 3. The method of regulating combustion in internal-combustion engines, which consists in producing a mixture of air or oxygen and a. combustible,` compressed to a. temperature lower than the igniting-point of the combustible, introducing into the mixture a secondary combustible, the igniting-point of which is equal to or belowV the temperature due to the compression, and regulating the quantity and duration of admission of such secondary combustible while expanding against a. resist-- ance, substantially as described.

In testimonywhereof I have'hereunto set i my hand in the presence of' two subscribing witnesses.

RUDOLF DIESEL; I Witnesses: I A

t 'PAUL FLASCHE,

EmL WENZEL. 

